Fasteners for Electronics & Semi-Conductors

A Machine Is Assembling An Electronic Chip

Fasteners for Electronics & Semi-Conductors

Fasteners are critical components in the assembly and functionality of electronic devices and semiconductors. From mounting heatsinks to securing printed circuit boards (PCBs), the right fastener ensures your devices have electrical connectivity and structural integrity for optimal performance.

In the realm of electronics, where precision, miniaturization and specialty materials are essential, fasteners consisting of specialty metals for electronics are integral to meeting design and performance requirements.

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Most Common Types of Fasteners

For proper assembly, functionality and stability, choosing the right type of fastener for electronics and semiconductors is essential. The most common types include:

  • ScrewsScrews are a popular choice to secure components, mount PCBs to a chassis and attach heatsinks. They are versatile and available in various sizes and thread types.
  • Vented screwsThese specialized fasteners have unique ventilation channels along the shafts that release air or gas that may be trapped during assembly. This ventilation prevents pressure buildup that can damage delicate electronic components.
  • NutsThese components pair with screws to create more secure connections. Types of nuts available include hex, lock and wing nuts.
  • Standoffs: With the primary goal to prevent short-circuiting, standoffs sit between PCBs and a chassis.
  • Electronics boltsSimilar to screws, bolts have plain shanks instead of threads. They often pair well with nuts when securing components together.
  • WashersWashers are small discs working with nuts and bolts to offer an even more secure fit.
  • Rivets: Rivets are permanent fasteners that join sheets of material together, such as metal or plastic sheets. These fasteners are installed using force, unlike other fasteners that are tightened.
  • Spring clips: These fasteners secure components in batteries and connectors inside electronic devices.

Electronic-Grade Metals for Fasteners

With a variety of materials to suit the specific needs of your electronics and semiconductors, it’s important to understand the unique offerings of each option. Typically, material selection depends on cost considerations, the potential for post-fabrication treatments and mechanical properties.

Strong materials with corrosion and temperature resistance properties include:

  • Aluminum: An affordable material and one of the best conductive metals for electronic components, working well in lightweight, lower-strength applications.
  • Exotic metalsAvailable in alloy, stainless and carbon steel formats, with different kilopound force per square inch (KSI) ranges. Examples include Hastelloy C276, Haynes 242, Inconel 600, 625, 718, and X750, Nickel 200, and nickel-plated stainless steel.
  • Titanium: Low weight, high strength and ideal for high-impact applications, though not particularly conductive, especially compared to aluminum.

Factors to Consider When Selecting Fasteners

Whether you need corrosion, gall or heat resistance, fasteners are made from a variety of materials and coatings, each with unique properties and benefits. Evaluate the criteria your application has for these fasteners to help you determine which material to choose.

Load or Stress

Consider the following types of stress that these components should be able to withstand:

  • Tensile strength: Tensile strength is measured in KSI. This measurement is the ultimate load a material can support before failing and breaking.
  • Proof load: The measurement for stress is calculated in pounds per square inch (PSI). This figure indicates the maximum load the fastener can handle. It is essentially proof that the fastener can handle the load.
  • Yield strength: Unlike tensile strength, yield strength doesn’t determine how much pressure causes the fastener to break. Instead, it refers to the pressure that will cause the component to become permanently deformed. This measurement is also indicated in PSI.

Corrosion-Resistant Properties

Corrosion via oxidation refers to how metals react with oxygen. Fasteners often need a protective coating like zinc or chrome to avoid corrosion. Alternatively, look into non-ferrous metals like aluminum, titanium and copper, or use plastic alloys made from different polymers, where possible. Consider Hastelloy C276, Haynes 242, Inconel 600, 625, 718, and X750, Nickel 200, and nickel-plated stainless steel.

Strength

Each material type has different strength properties. You can compare their room temperature in KSI or PSI to determine which material will work best. Some examples of material strengths include:

Material Max. Tensile KSI Max. Yield Strength
2507 Duplex 116 80
Inconel 718 126.4 60.7
Monel 400 180 170

 

Temperatures

Find out what temperature range these components should be able to resist. High temperatures can melt any form of plastic or non-ferrous alloy, and some materials can become brittle in extremely cold temperatures.

 

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Fastener Testing and Quality Control Variables

Specialty metals for electronics have exceptional properties like conductivity, corrosion resistance and a strength-to-weight ratio. These materials include stainless steel, aluminum and a few alloys that are durable and reliable enough to function in demanding electronic environments.

Understanding the testing and quality control measures for fasteners in this context helps ensure the right material selection. Some procedures manufacturers may use to ensure that components meet stringent standards include:

  • Material testing: Manufacturers will do material testing to verify the fastener’s composition and properties. These components must align with tensile strength, corrosion resistance and conductivity requirements.
  • Dimensional inspections: Fasteners must meet dimensional requirements for a secure fit and specific tolerances.
  • Torque testing: Torque testing measures the torque required to install and remove fasteners without deforming or stripping.
  • Environmental testing: Environmental tests include humidity, vibration and thermal cycling to ensure the fastener can endure the stresses of normal electronic device operation.
  • Certification and compliance: Manufacturers demonstrate that their components meet industry standards through certifications like ISO 9001:2015 and more.

 

How to Choose Fasteners for Your Project

Choosing the right fasteners requires assessing material types, along with loads, resistance properties, strengths and temperature factors. Additionally, you should think about the following elements:

  • Size and type: It is vital to choose components that are the right size and have the right thread type and head type for proper alignment and fit.
  • Material compatibility: Opt for specialty metals that are corrosion-resistant and conductive and can withstand high temperatures.
  • Electrical properties: While the material should have good conductive properties, it must also minimize electrical interference, ensuring proper grounding with low resistance.
  • Cost considerations: Balancing cost with the performance and reliability you need from these components will help you fulfill your needs while staying within your budget.
  • The right torque: Use components with the right level of clamping force to ensure parts are secure without breaking. You want to avoid over-tightening and under-tightening.

Secure Your Project With Top-Grade Fasteners Today

Ensuring the fasteners you choose for your project are made from the right materials and align with your component’s application is important. The fasteners must be reliable and well-made to improve project performance and success. From screws to bolts to rivets, understanding the nuances of fastener types and the materials they come in will help you make a more informed choice.

Nickel Systems offers a variety of fasteners for electronics and semiconductors. From Hastelloy® C276 for Chemical Vapor Disposition to Nitronic® 60 for testing equipment during wafer inspection and more, we have been supplying high-tech fasteners for more than a decade. We can provide you with tight tolerance vented screws and other specific packaging requests. Contact us today for a free quote or give us a call at (610) 632-1964, and we will help you find the right fasteners for your application.

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